Best Health Essay Topics for 2017

Best Health Essay Topics for 2017 Modern medicine suggests us a lot of different innovations and solutions from most of serious diseases. But still, we have enough cases when everything is far too complicated or has too many contradictions: cancer, euthanasia, difficult cases of disability, birth defects, mental illnesses, and, unfortunately, the list goes on and on. This is the reality of our era of high tech and cosmic dreams – we still can’t cope with ourselves. So, both students of health care programs as well as students of any other specialty can have a task to write an essay on health topic. In this article we will help you to find the most burning health issues to make your essay topic powerful and impressive. Stuck on Your Health Essay? Check out these example health essays. Yes! Show me examples How to Choose a Health Essay Topic? Of course, if you were given a clear task to write on a particular topic you won’t have to wreck your brains in search of something exciting and crucial to dwell on. There is no need in making a decision, which health problem or phenomena is more urgent at the moment or what is left in the shadows and needs to be enlightened at least in your essay. In such case, you can just relax, take things easy, and search some info on the Internet or in books, and then have a rest. But if the situation is contrary, you will have to gather all your essay ideas and look through either one or two essay hook examples. The path of free choice is rather slippery, so be careful on your way. Bring together your forces and all your writing inspiration; the road may take some hours (or even days, ha-ha). And these next essay hacks are just for you. So how do you think, what are the most popular essay topics concerning health nowadays? What do we face in everyday life? What do you hear on the radio or TV? What haunts us permanently? Maybe you already have a generalized idea of what to write in your mind, and the following will help you to concentrate on some particular thought or maybe change your decision. Now, let’s distinguish some of the health essay topics them one by one. Winning Health Essay Topics Vegetarianism We all know that in our time the number of people who forgo meat and products of animal origin is steadily increasing, and so the number of places with strictly vegetarian and vegan food is growing, too. Everyone has their reasons and basis for such a decision – it can be simple sympathy to animals or problems with the stomach and digestion. Someone takes it as for granted, someone is categorical and adverse. But still, the question of life without meat is very popular and debated. Here more topics related to this theme: Pros of Being Vegetarian; Vegetarian and Vegan: the Peculiarities of Nutrition and the Potential Impact on Health; Negative Effects of Meat-free Nutrition; Healing Consequences of Being a Vegan; Compare and Contrast Meat and Plantpacked Food; Being a Vegetarian: Compare and Contrast Changes Before and After; Anorexia and Overweight Coming back to the subject of food one can’t forget about such devastating and scary phenomena of modernity as anorexia and overweight. These two are really dangerous because if they don’t cause the death – they cause irreparable harm to health. One way or another it is no good at all. By the way, this question covers not only the problems of normal and healthy nutrition; it has a psychological and emotional backgrounds. This case has a lot of things to talk about, and the topics to write about: Causes of Eating Disorders and Obesity; How to manage Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa; The Effect of Feminism on Anorexic Women Phenomenon; Effects of Eating Disorders on Self-Harm Behavior; How to help Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia; The Cult of Thinness  in American Contemporary Culture; Insomnia Our high-speed lifestyle impacts us in many ways, and insomnia is one of the main effects of it. Nowadays it is a very burning issue because many people can’t sleep without watching movies or surfing the Web from their smartphones or just thinking thoughts through. Some even don’t decide insomnia as illness and its influence on vital activity has unforeseen and painful consequences. The following topics cover different issues concerning insomnia: What are the Causes and Effects of Insomnia; Insomnia and How to Put Up With It; Effects of Exam Preparation on Healthy Sleep; Sleeping pills: Placebo, Harm, or The Cure? How to Fight with Insomnia Using Traditional Medicine; Causes of Long-term Insomnia; Mental Diseases Such health essay topic as mental diseases has been discussed for a long time and from different points of view. Here you can analyze different phobias, obsessions, addictions and furthermore – whatever you like and find interesting (because being interested in your topic – is a half of success). Let the following essay  help topics: How to Understand and Manage a Bipolar Disorder; Psychological Treatment of Bipolar Disorder; Effects of Cognitive Therapy for Mental Disorders; Compare and Contrast Mental Disorder in Childhood and Early Adolescence; The Effect of Antidepressants In Dealing with Depression; How Child Abuse Trauma Affects The Development of Dissociative Disorders; Health Care Service One of the most critical issues concerning health is the cost of it. Nowadays there are ways to get free treatment as well as the paid. However, there are pitfalls in both options. Really, what’s the truth? Is it better to spend amounts of money and feel safe or to spend nothing and have doubts about the quality of treatment? I think the opinions here sharply vary, so consider these topics to research the issue: Advantages and Disadvantages of Paid and Free Treatment; Health Care: Should It Be For Free or Should We Pay For Our Treatment? Pros and Cons of Health Insurance; The Effects of Self-treatment: A Way to Harm or a Chance to Heal? Compare and Contrast Essay on Public and Private Hospitals; The True Cost of Free Health Care Services; Euthanasia The question of euthanasia always has been a great contradiction all over the world. Some cultures are rigorously against it; some does not actually mind such merciful death for the weak. And nobody has a clear opinion about it. The situation is quite similar to the question of death penalty, but the main difference is in the roles of the subjects: the perpetrator and the victim of a serious illness. Who deserves such a relief as death? And does deserve at all? If you have your strong ideas about it, pick a topic and develop them: Can Death Be a Relief for a Patient? Americans Attitudes toward Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide; Does Patients Have a Natural Right to Die; The Moral Issues of Euthanasia; Pros and Cons of Euthanasia; Compare and Contrast the Attitude to Euthanasia in Different Countries; Processing Your Health Essay When you have finally chosen the essay topic, it’s high time to make an essay outline and decide what essay form you will use. I am almost sure that you already know that there are a lot of different writing styles and while writing on health topics you confidently can write a cause and effect or argumentative essay – these two types may suit very well. But of course you are to write whatever you like and whatever you find convenient. Here are some more essay hacks, which I find helpful according to my experience: Essay editing is an important part of essay writing, so be attentive and careful while writing, checking and even double-checking your piece. If something feels wrong or not in the right place – find it and make it better. I bet 99% that you will deal with it, even if you are writing an essay for the first time in your life. Writing hooks can be excellent friends of yours, so don’t neglect to spend some time in search of examples. This can facilitate your further work and make your life a bit easier. Look through several of them to have a clearer idea of what to do and what to not. Analyze, analyze and once more – analyze. Pay extra attention to your essay conclusion. It is an integral part of every essay because here you should summarize everything from the above in other words, much shorter and sometimes even deeper. It takes some time to master the skill of â€Å"good conclusion†, but it is definitely okay if you won’t write it on the Nobel Prize level. Take short breaks during the writing if it’s possible. Give yourself some rest and time to think over your ideas, or just have another cup of tea. Don’t put all your strengths to waste at once – remember that you should be even much more concentrated when editing your essay than when writing the main sketch. Don’t force yourself to write something if you can’t find appropriate words and thoughts. It’s too obvious when a person writes something just from some need but not his own desire. So I repeat – be interested in what you’re writing about. At least you may try. A Small Afterword Well, I hope I hadn’t overloaded you with all that information, and it wasn’t a kind of a trial for you to read all that stuff. And of course I do hope that at least some pieces of this writing guide had served you well. It doesn’t really matter if you’ve just chosen a topic by this moment or already have written an essay – if you’ve found something important for yourself in this article I can be completely glad and satisfied with my job. And what about you? Have you succeeded in your health essay writing? Somehow, I’m sure in it.

China Social Welfare essays

China Social Welfare essays It was in the 11th century that the Chinese became more aware of social and political issues of the time. Quite a lot of time and energy and money were spent in holding meetings and distributing pamphlets to one and all, and people of the time devoured this information avidly. This was the period of the dynasty of Song, and the reformer was the great Wang-Ngan- Che. This leader purported to use his almost unlimited powers, especially during the reign of Chen-tsoung, to inculcate the feeling of reform among the people, especially among the partisans. His ideas of reform were met with great approval and enthusiasm among both friends and enemies. The main theme of his reform were that one must be able to enjoy the best of all material benefits by producing them, and therefore become all the happier for the enjoyment of the comforts thus produced. Wang-Ngan-Che strongly believed that the state should love all her people equally and in order for the people to live happily, the state must enforce obedience to certain rules and regulations that would enable them to enjoy the twin gratifications of plenty and pleasure. He also felt that the State must take into its own hands all the various resources of the Empire, impose taxes on the rich and collect enormous amounts of funds and thus be able to help out people in need like paupers and people out of work. The Emperor, Chen-tsoung, being bold and daring, decided to impose these radical reforms, and the result was the start of the Social Revolution. (Imperial However, it must be mentioned that China, even in the ancient ages, believed in reforms and new thinking that would benefit all the people of her state, as for example, in the Spring and Autumn Periods, also known as the hundred schools of thought', part of some ancient dynasties of China. The ...

Health Insurance Analysis Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health Insurance Analysis Report - Essay Example Therefore, ACA ensures quality health service is affordable to people regardless of their social class. The Act requires more individuals to get a health insurance coverage that will enable them access health facilities anytime without finance problems. As the ACA health reform seeks to achieve all this it will inject many changes in the health sector. This paper, therefore, addresses the impacts ACA has brought to the Health Sector. Patient to Physician Ratio After launching the new health reform on January 1, 2014, the entire healthcare system will shake from the huge number of individuals who will insure. Congressional Budget Office estimated that 14 million uninsured young people would join the group on January 1, 2014. By the year 2021, 16 million more will enter the brackets. When the newly insured people join the health system, the doctor workload will hike as the number of doctor visits will go up. Limited funding restricts people from visiting hospitals (America’s Hea lth Insurance Plans, 2007). Besides, the health reforms anticipated will increase claim cost and cause delays in return to work. In simple language there will be issues related to scheduling of doctors’ appointments, ensuring quality healthcare, and availability of medical resources (Gruber, 2002). According to American Journal of Medical Quality published a report and projected a shortage of nurses across America between 2009 and 2030, the USA will be hit by a serious shortage of more than 90,000 physicians by 2020 and by 2025, the shortage it will upsurge to more than 130,000 (Gruber, 2002). Lastly, the health reform recommends implementation of other measures of appointments with nurses and physical assistants, which the worker’s compensation system does not recognize. Eventually, this will cause compensation issues and add client consent requirements (America’s Health Insurance Plans, 2007). Besides, ACA aims at reducing those physician`s shortages by provid ing loan-based refund programs to principal doctors and offer incentives to medical schools to increase the number of medical students (Gruber, 2002). However, the healthcare system may not see the light of the day soon until students will be under this program graduate and begin their careers. Effect on Tax-Exempt Hospitals ACA has a goal of increasing transparency concerning the payback that tax-exempt hospitals get. The act requires those hospitals to conduct a Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) every three years to portray how they are carrying out their duties to meet needs of their patients (Gruber, 2002). Secondly the tax-exempt hospitals will be required to come up with a written financial assistance policy which would include criteria for eligibility to financial assistance, basis for coming up with figures charged to patients, and measures to be undertaken in case of nonpayment (America’s Health Insurance Plans, 2007). The ACA will keep those tax-exempt hospit als on toes to increase transparency for quality of care to the patients. To crown it all, the health reform recommends penalizing the tax-exempt hospital that does not meet those rules up to $50,000. Health Care Funding Through Affordable Care Act, the Health Centre Program will award new funding which consist of the following. First, Health Center Base Adjustments where the Health Resources and

Analysis and results Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis and results - Dissertation Example One of the most important questions asked in this survey was the method used by the RNs to screen for PPD. None of the nurses reported using any screening tools for the evaluation of PPD. The commonly used methods for the evaluation of PPD were found to be: asking general questions or identifying risk factors during the postpartum office visit; telephonic questioning when patients called to inquire about any queries, concerns or symptoms that they have; as a part of the documentation for the admissions database during the admission for delivery and during chart review or as a part of the routine history during the obstetric visits. Amongst these, the most common method was chart review or while obtaining obstetric history, during which the two main questions asked were whether the patient has had any prior episodes of PPD in previous pregnancy or a history of pre-existing depression and whether she was taking any medications. This practice is in stark contrast to the recommendations for the screening of PPD in the existing literature. ... â€Å" to develop a rapport with the patients and enable them to share their experiences. This practice is in concordance with the existing literature as some studies advocate the use of simple, open ended questions such as â€Å"Are you sad and depressed?† and â€Å"Have you had a loss of pleasurable activities?† as an initial screen for PPD. The use of such questions helps the women in opening up and sharing their experiences and concerns (Goldbort, 2006). There are also several shortcomings of the above mentioned methods for the screening of PPD. First, for women who are having their first baby, the question whether they experienced PPD in any prior pregnancies becomes void. Similarly, most patients who are experiencing PPD for the first time might not be on any medications and thus the question whether they are using any medications currently, is not of any use in such patients. It is thus important to use effective screening strategies which are designed to encomp ass all patients, including those who are pregnant for the first time, so that none of the patients is missed. The most common setting for PPD identified in this survey was during obstetric visits or on admission for delivery. This was followed by screening for PPD during the postpartum visit. There have been various studies conducted in order to determine the most effective screening method and setting for the screening for postpartum depression. The most appropriate and convenient settings for the screening as recommended by the current literature is during the mother’s post-partum visit or during the well child visit of the baby (Gjerdingen & Yawn, 2007; Callister, Beckstrand, & Corbet, 2010). Moreover, recently, other novel innovative strategies for screening

Marketing communication and consumer behaviour Essay

Marketing communication and consumer behaviour - Essay Example However, usually this communication flow is disturbed by the presence of noise or distractions. This results in failed communication. All marketing communications are carried out keeping a certain objective in mind. These objectives can range from informing the consumer about the product to persuading the consumer to buy the product. (Michael, Gary, Soren and Margrate, 20) Marketing communication has been used to establish social control in many different areas. It has been especially useful in influencing public opinion for religious and political campaigns. However, before embarking on a communications journey; the marketing mix must be in place for a product. The marketing mix consists of 4Ps, namely product, place, price and promotion. Product refers to the essential feature of the product including packaging, place refers to distribution and where the product will be available while promotion is the element concerned with marketing communications. For a company to excel, its promotional effort must be in coordination with the marketing. Therefore the advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and public relations must all convey the same message. As a child I was very fond of the movie E.T and the movie went on to become a super hit with audiences all over the world. Kraft foods utilized this opportunity to plan a three-sixty degree approach to marketing its products, teaming up with ET. E.T was featured on all Kraft Foods products across eight product categories, there were E.T related in package premiums in all Kraft foods, sweepstakes were conducted with prizes which included trips to Universal Studios, providing point of purchase stand alone displays to be used by retailers and developing of E.T related television advertisements linking E.T, the sweepstakes and Kraft Foods. Needless to say Kraft Foods became a favourite with E.T lovers all over the world. IMC however requires an understanding of the target audience, the use of a mix of promotional tools, coordination of all promotional tools and a carefully timed continuous flow of information. Companies which do not follow the IMC properly often end up confusing the consumer no end and this results in confused positioning of the brand. An example is of Burger King which insisted on using different taglines all the times which confused the consumer no end, thereby the fast-food joint had no clear positioning and gave no reason to the consumer to eat there. (Michael, Bruce and William, 28) Communications are concerned with products and brands. There is a significant difference between the two. In ancient times branding was known to be the act of burning a mark on the flesh of your sheep to claim ownership. A brand is a set of attributes both tangible and intangible that distinguish one product from another and create a distinct identity for a product. This is how people perceive the same milk with a different name, differently. Volvo and BMW are both essentially cars which have the same function. However to the consumer they are distinguished entities; while BMW is the drive machine, Volvo stands for safety and reliability. Also significant are the values and personality associated with a brand. Coca-Cola has values such as fun, music and friendship associated with it. While

The research method

The research method Abstract This article is a summary of the research method, Systematic Review. There are four facet s, a short introduction of the systematic review, including the features, the steps of the methodology, the discussion of some steps , and the conclusion from the above investigation and some vista for the systematic review. Introduction There are several kinds of research methods, and each of them has their own features and function to use to fit their research design. For instance, Pavlovs dog, a classic behavioral experiment, scientist design a situation in the laboratory and try hard to control the varieties to find the answer of the hypothesis. However, in some conditions, experimental design ways may not so appropriate in using to the program, for example, if the research is aimed to collation the finds of others study outcomes, tried to find an answer that is adaptive to every arguments, then systematic review method will be a good choice to select. Systematic review method, which aims to combine, compares, or did a synthesis to the research outcomes. There are two reasons to use the method, one is that the limitation of traditional review, and the other is the added power brought by the synthesis of multiple studies. Its different from the review, which is try to combine two or more researches in a given topic, as it comes to systematic review, its more specific, detailing, structural under the topic. Otherwise, meta-analysis method is also used in systematic review study sometimes, but its just a part of the method, or a kind of skills, they are not the same affair, compared to meta-analysis, systematic review content qualitative and quantitative outcomes. Instead, meta-analysis research is a specific statistical strategy to assess the review outcomes. Its useful that systematic reviews has some advantages and surmount some restriction in some way, just like, there are some limitations in traditional review, for instance, the narrative reviews may just describe the literatures but not so strategy and structural, SR can improve the power of the question through the evidences from the studies, and it can summaries the available information in a more structural way. Method According to the Handoll and Smiths collection of the systematic review, they point out the process which is general guideline to analysis this research method, title, protocol, sources, search strategy, scope and filtering the literature, collecting and extracting the data, assessing the quality of studies, meta-analysis, presentation, discussing the review findings, and drawing the conclusion. First, the title, its necessary that a specific and clear definition of topic or question to process systematic review. Clear definition can not only help researchers ensure the worth of the question, but also avoid the duplication and checking the realistic and achievable, If the propose is specific and explicit, the strategy of the source researching work might be easier than unclear theme. Then, protocol. To let the final outcome achieve the researchers goal in the systematic review method of the research, protocol play an important role in select the literature or references, that is, depending on the researchers need on their studies, to include or exclude what they need or whats the most important to the research, and in the protocol, experiment methods also is a great point in the literature selected, for instance, now the topic is depression and commit suicide, whats the main factor associate these two items?, that is, the methodology in this topic might be trying to find out the references that include the correlative statistic skills or so on to discover the relationship between depression and suicidal behavior. Source, identifying sources will be the next step after formulate the protocol. The main purpose of the systematic review is to help to make a clinical decision base on the evidence resources, so when the researchers consider about the database of the references, maybe some medical databases, like MEDLINE and CINAHL(medical, health, and nursing databases), Cancerlit(subject databases), and Cochrane Library(databases of reviews), and so on. The above-mentioned databases might be helpful when researchers required. There are other ways to search the data pools, through keywords, like the author name whose research theme is fitting of the researchers, or some relative institutions that their job is appropriate to the topic, like if the topic is about the wellbeing of normal life to the women with breast cancer, researcher might can find the refere nce in the local hospital databases or find it from the breast cancer center. Next, search strategy, as there talked before, search strategy rely on a specific topic. When the clear propose shows out, researchers can distinct about what should be included or what should be excluded. Scope and filtering the literature, as researchers define an explicit question, the work of literature selecting become easier. To ensure the domination of the reviews is corrected; reviewers have to define more detail about the topic, like the demography, language, specific intervention and so on. Collecting and extracting the data, followed the question the researchers have, collecting relate articles and thinking about the title, methods of the articles, extracting these items directly. Cochrane Collaboration will be useful when researchers collecting and extracting the data. Next, assessing the quality of studies, after collecting the data, the steps follow it is that reading. To focus on emphasis on the part of the studies that researchers think its suitable for the topic, rea ding the studies play an important role. The articles are chose for increasing the validity of the study conclusion and these resources must relate tightly to the question. However, a checklist must be helpful in assessing the studies, to prevent the situation that some important information missed or ignored. Meta-analysis, to integrate all the data, researchers needs the statistical strategy to comprehensive the literature. As the suggestion from Mulrow, statistical analysis is to increase the power and precision of estimates of treatment effect and exposure risk. There are two points of meta-analysis method has to remember, one is noted if the result of the studies expressed the effect measure, the other is that if the literatures relevant each other to make a meaningful estimate. Presentation the result from meta-analysis processing or the reviews should include some points, like, followed the review questions, the conclusions base on the evidence, and the quality of the evidence. Either the result from meta-analysis, presentation also including reviewed evidence in computer-searchable format. Some figures or comparative tables also can make good help in presenting the outcomes of the studies. Figures or tables will let the reviews clear and structural in the systematic review. Here comes to the final facet of the systematic review, discussing the review findings and drawing conclusion, researchers in the final part have to express their comments and summary of their finding in the whole program, and the limitation of the study or whats the vista of the future research. Discussion The main important question should follow the P.I.C.O. rule, which is, P means population, the question should include the particular participants, it cannot be general. I represents intervention, there must be an independent variable to operate the study, followed the intervention to search the resources. C is the comparison, just like experiment, which also have control group and main concerned group. O means outcome, the title should include the expect from the researchers like the hypothesis, for example, researchers may suppose a situation that after intervention what will happen, like increase some behaviors or decrease the blood pressure after specific coping skill. There is a journal that use the systematic review method, the title is Clinical and cost-effectiveness of new and emerging technologies for localized prostate cancer: a systematic review., the population of this study is the patient with prostate cancer, the intervention is that the new and emerging technologies, t he compare group is the normal people or the patient with the prostate cancer still treated in traditional way, and the outcome is directed by the clinical and cost-effectiveness(S. Hummel, S. Paisley, at al. 2003). When it comes to select the literature that good to the reviewers, the Jadad Scale may be a better way to help researchers in selecting the literatures. There are three questions content in this scoring system, Was the study randomized/appropriate?, Was the study double blind/ appropriate?, Description of attrition rates?, all of the three questions are 5 points scale, the level of the scoring higher the best of the choice, it represent that the literature has the value to use in the study. There is another point of the research have to concern, that is, if the evidences are homogeneity or heterogeneity, homogeneity evidences are going to increase the power of the main question, but the heterogeneity studies will make some problems to the research purpose. There are some useful tools for completing a systematic review, one is the PRISMA, which whole name is Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, the PRISMA statement consist of a check list to let the researchers arrive the purpose of their study. The Cochrane Collaboration, the aim of the institution is for the medical evidences based and improving the health care system, and for researchers who want to do systematic reviews. There are introduction of the systematic review and the process of the method, researchers also can consist a group from the institution to do a same topic for collecting the data. Conclusions Systematic review method, as known as overview, is different from traditional review and meta-analysis method. Systematic review is more rigorous and structural to synthesis the studies than narrative review, and compared to meta-analysis, this method includes both qualitative and quantities research styles, but meta-analysis is more concern about the statistical methodological way to combine the data or the studies, in the other hand, meta-analysis research can be isolated but also see it as a part of the systematic review, especially when the research is needed to use the quantities way to proceed the study. Compared to other experimental design, Systematic review method has its own predominance, for example, if it is a long-term plan, like the study of the expression variation of disease from the primary stage to the end with Alzheimers patient, it may take a long time and cost lots of money to do the research, however, if use the systematic review to do the research, there may not so much disburse. Following the program of doing the systematic review, researchers can find that this method can not only produce a structural protocol, but also include all the information that reviewers required. The most important point of the systematic review is the question from the reviewer, as previously mentioned, the P.I.C.O. rule is followed by the researchers to start a research in this method, and as the article release, a specific and distinction question will play an important role in the whole study, because it will effect the direction of the purpose, and the aspect of the literature collecting. As previously presented, there are some institutions for helping researchers doing the systematic review, like the Cochrane Collaboration, based on the purpose of improving the health care system or medical state, providing the resource to the researchers to study, which has evolved to help prepare, maintain, and disseminate the use in systematic review with health relate research. The Campbell Collaboration is also the institution for assisting reviewers in systematic review, the purpose of them is similar with the Cochrane Collaboration, also based on the evidence to clarify what helps or harms. The other similar institution is Joanna Briggs institute, and its also a place for supporting and promoting researchers in systematic review. They are working in the dominant of nursing, medical and allied health researchers, clinicians, academics and quality management. According to the article from Cook at al. in 1997, the future of the method may be improve the researchs quality and the value, presentation formats will more user-friendly for the providers and patients. Make the connection more strongly between systematic reviews outcome and the clinical decisions. Reference Berkeley Systematic Reviews Group. Restricted from http://www.medepi.net/meta/ PRISMA, TRANSPARENT REPORTING of SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS and META-ANALYSES. Restricted from http://www.prisma-statement.org/index.htm THE CAMPBELL COLLABORATION. Restricted from http://www.campbellcollaboration.org/systematic_reviews/index.php The Cochrane Collaboration. Restricted from http://www.cochrane.org/index.htm Critical Review Advisory Group. Introduction to Systematic Reviews. School for Health And Related Research(ScHARR). 1996. Deborah J. Cook, Cynthia D. Mulrow, R. Brian Haynes. Systematic Reviews: Synthesis of Best Evidence FOR clinical Decisions. Annals of Internal Medicine. 126(5), 376-380(1997). H.H.G. Handoll, A.F. Smith. How to perform a systematic review. Current Anaesthesia Critical Care. 15, 227-234(2004). S. Hummel, S. Paisley, A. Morgan at al.. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of new and emerging technologies for early localized prostate cancer: a systematic review, Health Technology Assessment, 7(33)(2003). S. Green. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Singapore Med J. 46(6), 270-274(2005).

Huckleberry Finn ( Huck Finn ) :: Essays Papers

Huckleberry Finn Huckleberry Finn is a loveable timeless classic written by one of the great American authors, Mark Twain. A companion to the Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn offers fans a closer look into the life of Huck Finn. Although the novel has similar characters and settings, the theme and moral dilemmas are much stronger than those we saw in Tom Sawyer. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn holds a darker side that Tom Sawyer did. In this piece we see an abused Huck try to figure out where he belongs in the world. He sets off on a journey to see if he can find peace and happiness away from the bonds of society. He is tested many times and in the end Huck ends up back where he started and he gives into the social norms of his time. Huck is a good person, unfortunately society has many different views than him and this difference in opinions pushed Huck away from society. Although Huck has the right views on many things such as Jim, he can not stand up to the pressure of society at this young age. Mark Twain uses the native southern dialect once again to enhance the quality of the setting for his readers. His use of dialogue is frequent and allows the reader to forget that they are in fact reading rather than sitting in on someone’s conversation. Twains’ use of vivid detail and wit amuse and delight readers. Mark Twain used the novel Huckleberry Finn to express a person’s own perceptions in the regards to rejection from civilization. Twain also uses Huckleberry to portray how society might not always be the best way for a person to live, rather choosing their own beliefs and ideas to live by. For example, Huckleberry doesn’t see the use of money and is satisfied with life with out money. Therefore the life of a drifter suits him just fine. There are also many other themes carried out through out the novel.

Defining the Humaniities Paper Essay

Humanities consist of humans and their ways of life starting from prehistoric to current cultural events. When one learns from past generations or civilizations one is better able to make wise decisions for the future. According to Georgia Humanities Council (2009-2013), â€Å"The humanities are stories passed from generation to generation to transmit culture. These stories are also known as our history, literature, laws, ethics, religion, philosophy, anthropology etc† (Why the Humanities Matter). This paper will be a discussion of humanities and give an insight of what humanities means as it is defined by various sources. I have chosen a cultural event from my life in which I will elaborate on to inform the reader of its importance in my own life and the culture around me. I will also show how this expression of culture and its relevant to what I know about the humanities, art, style, genius, and culture of the time period it represents. Last to be discussed is how the chosen expression of culture compares with other forms from the same time period. Humanities Defined  According to Humanities Council of Washington D. C. (n. d. ), † The Humanities are the disciplines that help us understand and define cultures, and human experience, including history, anthropology, literature, art history, ethics, philosophy and jurisprudence † (Humanities Council of Washington, D. C. – Functional Humanities). Humanities can help promote a culture or civilization’s heritage and history as well as its literature. Humanities also serve a vital role in community issues and help to promote one’s understanding of human values, traditions, issues faced by society. The term humanities according to The Congressional Act establishing the National Endowment for the Humanities includes the study as well as one’s interpretation of modern and classical languages, literature, linguistics, history, archeology, philosophy, ethics, religions, and the history, and theory of the arts (Humanities Council of Washington D. C. , n. d. ). Humanities cover a wide array of areas and time frames. Cajun Music I chose Cajun music because I have a rich cultural tie to Cajun music growing up around this musical type. I find Cajun music has a little bit of several types of music played because of its rhythms and lyrics. The first Cajun records came out in 1928, but it was not until the 1960s that the genre became well known beyond Louisiana (National Geographic Society, 1996-2012). Cajuns are known for their love of dancing, including two-stepping, and waltzing. Cajun songs with its deep emotion and rhythms that make an individual want to get up and dance goes hand-in-hand to tailor to these cultural inclinations. According to National Geographic Society (1996-2012), † Many of the songs have their origins in old Acadian and French songs, but Creole, Celtic, African, Anglo-Saxon and Amerindian influences were also picked up along the way † (Cajun Music). Many Cajun songs have lyrics in French-Acadian and include a fiddle and accordion, which gives the music its unique sound. My experiences with Cajun music stems from listening to my grandfather play the fiddle and sing in French. I was not always aware of what was said but by traditions and my culture I have learned to embrace the music and rich cultural beliefs my ancestors have laid out for me to learn from. How Cajun music tailors to my knowledge of humanities, art, style, genius, and culture of the time period it represents. When I evaluate what humanities means, I can better understand how Cajun music fits in because this type of music, which was once more localized to it its origins in Louisiana but now has a mass appeal and has become popular throughout North America and abroad. Humanities are about the arts and one’s culture. The style of modern day Cajun music displays its sounds anywhere from gospel, jazz, to rock-in-roll. Where it was once more primitive style of music and sung acapella, nowadays includes instruments, and a mixture between French and English wording. The genius of Cajun music originates from Cajun’s telling their story and intergrading their culture into the music. The cultural time period Cajun music represents would coincide with the movement from more classical music to rhythm and blues, rock-and roll, country, bluegrass, gospel, and jazz. Cajun music is a music transcending time and has evolved like all the previously mentioned styles of music. How Cajun music compares with other forms of culture from the same  time period. The evolution of Cajun music compares well to other styles of music but lack the use of technology instrumentally mostly. This type of music displays historic and modern day Cajun cultural beliefs and makes an individual want to dance. As in any art one’s location has much to do with it cultural styles. Conclusion Humanities are instrumental in understanding a civilization’s culture and learning from history to help an individual make wise decision for the future. Cajun music is the cultural even I chose because I have lived it all of my life, and it is part of my culture. References Georgia Humanities Council. (2009-2013). Georgia Humanities Council. Retrieved from http://www. georgiahumanities. org/about-us Humanities Council of Washington D. C.. (n. d. ). Defining the Humanities. Retrieved from http://www. wdchumanities. org/docs/defininghumanities. pdf National Geographic Society. (1996-2012). Nat Geo Music. Retrieved from http://worldmusic. nationalgeographic. com/view/page. basic/genre/content. genre/cajun_700.

Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essays

Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essays Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essay Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essay Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Cynthia Evans Mississippi College Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients This is a review of literature examining how frequent recurring episodes of pain affect the quality of life in the sickle cell disease patients. Several studies conducted concerning pain management and quality of life for sickle cell disease patients indicate additional studies needed. Identifying additional effective complementary alternate therapies is vital for a more improved quality of life. This will be necessary in order to reduce the number of painful episodes experienced by the sickle cell patient. Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder of the red blood cells and further characterized by painful acute vaso-occlusive episodes where the sickle cell is stuck in the blood vessels, blocking the blood flow. This is one of the most common reasons leading up to hospitalization, the vaso-occlusive episodes. These episodes can lead to ischemia and infarctions over the entire body region with painful recurring, unpredictable, intense, and relentless episodes, lasting approximately 3-14 days (Yaster, Kost-Byerly, Maxwell, 2000). According to Granados and Jacob (2009), the purpose of their study was to examine pain experienced and the effectiveness of analgesics for hospitalized adults with sickle cell disease. The literature review indicates a variety of reasons why inadequate pain management is ongoing in the adult (SCD) patients admitted with vaso-occlusive episodes. The focus is mainly on factors that affect the management of pain, including methods of analgesic administration, and non-pharmacologic regimens, therefore the perception of the provider is important in regards to treating sickle cell pain as identified in the study by (Shapiro, Benjamin, Payne Heidrich, 1997; Steinberg, 1999; Yale et al. , 2000). Little attention in the way of research studies has been examined in relation to the pain experience of the sickle cell adults. Ballas and Lusardi (2005) evaluated the sequence of hospital admissions of patients with sickle cell disease, reviewing the causes of recurring admissions, and the importance of the patient’s outcome of illness. All readmissions examined specifically within seven to thirty days from the initial admission discharge assessing for the rationale of the recurrence of hospital admission and relation to the prognosis of the sickle cell disease patient. The researchers evaluated the pain by a descriptive underlying research design knowledgeable by the sickle cell disease patients for intensity, location, and quality of pain. Fifty percent of patients admitted for intense painful episodes were readmitted within one month after discharge, and another estimated 16% were readmitted within one week after discharge. Severe pain is described as a degree of pain greater than six on a zero to ten numerical rating scales. A mean score of seven or greater indicates prematurity in discharging the sickle cell disease patients from the hospital. In conclusion, the patients admitted to the hospital with high pain scores were more likely to have lengthy hospitalizations, and to be discharged home with equally higher pain scores. The pain intensity scores from the previous discharge examined by the researchers indicated 71 readmission, in which 52 patients were readmitted for vaso-occlusive episodes, (Ballas Lusardi, 2005). The pain score of study participants indicated a high pain intensity score, and the scores did not change consequently during prolonged episodes. Even higher pain intensity more so on days seven and eight were indicated for increase pain significance. Researchers further indicated that the main reason for hospital readmissions were early discharge to home settings, signs and symptoms of medication/drug withdrawal, that brought about the intense reoccurring episodes of vaso-occlusive illnesses. It was noted that readmissions to the hospital for the adult sickle cell disease patient is more common and researchers recommended future studies for improvement in pain management in the hospital and at home. In future studies, researchers will need to use a larger sample size to evaluate patterns of pain management, effectiveness and influence on quality of life in the sickle cell disease patient. Although, no evidence was identified where upward titration of analgesics was done it is recommended that development of algorithms be encouraged to help carefully plan decisions regarding titration of medications in adult patients with sickle cell disease during hospitalizations. Jiles and Morris, (2008) made known in their descriptive study of 62 patients (18 years of age and older) using Burckhardt and Anderson’s 16 item self-report and a demographic uestionnaire used for data collection. The purpose of the study was to investigate the quality of life in adults with sickle cell anemia, hemoglobin SC, or Hemoglobin S beta thalassemia. The results revealed that the healthy populations average scores for quality of life scale is 90 and in this study the overall mean QOL score was 83. 6 ( SD=13. 2) lower than those of the overall general population. The outcome of this study indicated additional research is necessary to advance the understanding of the factors that greatly affect quality of life in the management of sickle cell disease in order for patients to enjoy normal activities of life. A cross sectional descriptive study conducted by Yoon and Black (2006) researched both pharmacologic and complementary therapies used for pain management by caregivers of children with sickle cell disease (SCD). They further studied the prevalence and types of complementary therapies used for pain management by caregivers of children with SCD and made inquiries of caregivers’ concerning their interests in using complementary therapies in the future. Since there was no obtainable questionnaire to meet the principle of the study, a questionnaire was created by the chief researcher. Items included on the questionnaire was age of child, age of caregiver, use of analgesic, annual income estimate, caregivers educational level, and type of health insurance their child had available. Divisions were randomly ordered and included massage, chiropractic, acupuncture, energy healing, relaxation techniques, imagery, meditation, hypnosis, biofeedback, self-prayer, spiritual healing by others, music therapy, herbal or fold remedies, megavitiamins, yoga, tai chi and other body works, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. The prospective patients were identified, approached, and invited to participate in the study by the clinical coordinator of the sickle cell disease clinic. The study was explained and potential participants were provided an informed consent letter. All subjects were provided a room for privacy and questionnaires were completed either by the caregivers of the participants or by the research assistance. The research assistant was nearby in either case to answer any questions that might arise by the caregivers when completing his/her form. The instructions provided to the caregivers indicated the questionnaires listing of the sixteen complementary therapies. The caregivers were to indicate any usage of them within the last six months and were asked would they be interested in using any of the listed complementary therapies in the future. Statistical analyses was used including how often an event repeats itself over a set amount of time and expected values with standard deviations, were used to compare demographic variables, research use of pharmacological therapies for pain management between age groups, and evaluate pharmacologic/analgesic and complementary therapy use. Chi-square tests were done in the beginning of the study and carried through to completion comparing the demographic variables, scrutinized use of pharmacologic therapies for pain management between age groups, and compared use of pharmacologic and complementary therapies. The results of the most frequently used pain medication for children revealed a mean age of 9 years. The results indicated children using pain medications most frequently identified was ibuprofen (37. 5%), acetaminophen with codeine (32. 1%), and acetaminophen with oxycodone (14. 5%). Complementary and alternative medicine use among children as well as adults has increased in the last ten years. In the study, caregivers with a mean age of 33 years was 70% of the 63 caregivers identified as using some form of complementary therapy. African American mothers made up 79% of the predominant race of caregivers and (56. 9%) indicated an annual income less than $20,000. Sixty percent of caregivers had twelve years of education or less, and twenty-four percent reported at least 2 years of college education. Medicaid (76%) was the major source of coverage for the children, although 24% had private or other identifying insurance. Future studies should include investigating the safety and effectiveness of the most commonly used complementary therapies reported in this study as well as recognizing possible ways complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) may be used effectively with pharmacologic therapies for pain management in children with Sickle cell disease in order to offer greater longevity and overall improved quality of life. Yoon and Black (2006), Jiles and Morris (2008) and Granados and Jacob (2009) all indicate the need for future studies in management of pain in the sickle cell disease patients. All studies indicate that the genetic disorder most commonly found in the African- American affects approximately 70,000 in the United States. This genetic disorder affects the red blood cells causing a stasis of sickle shaped erythrocytes, in which occlusion of the cells microcirculation, causing ischemia, and infarction. These recurring, unpredictable, intensified, and persistent painful episodes prevent stability and overall quality of life in the sickle cell disease patient and all authors indicate the need for future studies. The purpose of this review of literature is to identify all of the effective therapies of pain management for sickle cell disease patients. Whether the therapies used are complementary or alternative therapies vs. analgesic regimens. There must be future studies to seek out the answers for improved methods of pain treatment in order to improve the quality of life for the patients with sickle cell disease to exceed living past the age of forty-two with an increased zest and quality of life. References Granados, R. , Jacob, E. , (2009, May/June). Pain Experience in Hospitalized Adults with Sickle Cell Disease. Medsurg Nursing, 18 (3), 161-167,182. Jiles, V. M. , Morris, D. L. , (2009). Quality of Life of adult patients with sickle cell disease. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, Volume 21, 340-349. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1745-7599. 2009. 00416x Yoon, S. L. , Black, S. , (2006) Comprehensive, Integrative Management of Pain for Patients with Sickle-Cell Disease. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Volume 12, Number 10, pp. 995-1001.

Argentina Essays (1061 words) - Demography, Population, Free Essays

Argentina Essays (1061 words) - Demography, Population, Free Essays Argentina For my case study on demographic transition Ive chosen the well-known country of Argentina, which is located in South America. I decided to conduct my study from 1936 to 1960. For this 25-year period I found all the statistical data which I need to actually complete population growth analysis. In the demographic transition model of Argentina we can see that the crude birth rate (CBR) is almost always double or higher then the crude death rate (CDR). This allows the natural rate of increase (NRI) to be higher than the CDR. NRI reflects how fast population is growing. In the demographic transition model of Argentinas CBR per 1000 (blue line) is the highest line relative to the origin. We can see that the line stays very steady from 1936 to 1943, at about 22 to 23 live birth per thousand. In 1944 we see a gradual increases of live birth per thousand. By 1946 the CBR is at one of it highest points. This line fluctuate from 24 to 25 per thousands range for approximately twelve years to 1956 until it gradual decrease to it original state, back to 22 per thousands. The ten to twelve years peak period of CBR helps to increases NRI for Argentina in the mid 40s and into the 50s. (We will see how this effects the NRI later) The CDR (pink line) is the lowest line in the model. In the beginning of the line (1936) we see the CDR start to rise and reach it highest point at 11 per thousand in 1938. From then on it stay steady at 10 per thousands for nine years. After 1948 we can see the line slowly decreasing to 8 per thousand by 1960. This slow drop in CDR also effected the NRI (which we will see later). Both CBR and CDR effect how well a country like Argentina population is growing both factors relate to the natural rate of increase. This is the middle line in the model (yellow line). The NRI is determined by subtracting the CBR by the CDR. In the model Argentinas CBR is fairly high and CDR is less than half of it. This allows the NRI line to stay between them. We can see from the model that the NRI starts to decrease from 1936 to 1938. This is happens because the CDR rises and the CBR remands steady. In 1938 the NRI reaches it lowest level at 11 per thousand. From that point on we see an increase of the NRI. NRI increase because of the growth in CBR and the slow decrease in CDR. The NRI reaches it highest point of 16 per thousand in 1950 and from than on decrease gradually. It gradually decreases because both CBR and CDR are also decreasing. By looking at NRI we see point of high population increase was from 1944 to 1956 this time period is better known as the baby boom. From the m odel we see that Argentinas NRI is in the middle range of population growth from 12 to 16 per thousand, which is 1.2 to 1.6 percent increase per year. Form the demographic transition model of Argentina I see no discernable pattern. But I do feel that by looking at the demographic transition model of Argentinas that it falls under the second stage of the model. This stage is where growth potential is realized and where CDR drops before CBR, which allow for rapid population growth. I also found it not to fit the pattern of the pioneer countries. The reason for this is that Argentina didnt keep fertility and the mortally level relatively low like the pioneers. We can see this by have the NRI over one percent. The demographic gap is the gap between the live birth rate and death rates in the demographic transition model. The larger the gap between lines (providing CBR is high the CDR) will determine the growth rate of a country. In my case study of Argentina as a developing country it imply that the future growth will remain relatively the same. The reason for this is that even though the CDR is dropping, death rates cant fall forever and it will eventually level off. Another

Permissions Oversight and Overview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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SWOT Analysis Case Study HCA Hospital Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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